Cancer Epidemiology
Volume 34, Issue 5 , Pages 509-515 , October 2010

Maternal body mass index and risk of testicular cancer in male offspring: A systematic review and meta-analysis

  • Shama S. Alam

      Affiliations

    • Cancer Epidemiology & Health Services Research Group, Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author at: Cancer Epidemiology & Health Services Research Group, Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Grosvenor Road, Belfast, BT12 6BA, United Kingdom.
    • ,
  • Marie M. Cantwell

      Affiliations

    • Cancer Epidemiology & Health Services Research Group, Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
    • ,
  • Chris R. Cardwell

      Affiliations

    • Cancer Epidemiology & Health Services Research Group, Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
    • ,
  • Michael B. Cook

      Affiliations

    • Hormonal and Reproductive Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
    • ,
  • Liam J. Murray

      Affiliations

    • Cancer Epidemiology & Health Services Research Group, Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom

,Accepted 2 July 2010.

References 

  1. Office for National Statistics. Cancer statistics registrations: registrations of cancer diagnosed in 2005, England. Series MB1 No. 35. London: National Statistics; 2008.
  2. ISD Online Information and Statistics Division, NHS Scotland; 2008.
  3. Welsh Cancer Intelligence and Surveillance Unit 2008. Cancer incidence in Wales.
  4. Northern Ireland Cancer Registry 2008. Cancer incidence and mortality in Northern Ireland.
  5. Coleman MP, Rachet B, Woods LM, Mitry E, Riga M, Cooper N, et al. Trends in socioeconomic inequalities in cancer survival in England and Wales up to 2001. Br J Cancer. 2004;90(7):1367–1373
  6. Horwich A, Shipley J, Huddart R. Testicular germ-cell cancer. Lancet. 2006;367(9512):754–765
  7. Bray F. Do testicular seminoma and nonseminoma share the same etiology? evidence from an age-period-cohort analysis of incidence trends in eight European Countries. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2006;15(4):652–658
  8. Storgaard L, Bonde JP. Male reproductive disorders in humans and prenatal indicators of estrogen exposure. A review of published epidemiological studies. Reprod Toxicol. 2006;21(1):4–15
  9. Oosterhuis JW, Looijenga LH. Current views on the pathogenesis of testicular germ cell tumours and perspectives for future research: highlights of the 5th Copenhagen Workshop on Carcinoma in situ and Cancer of the Testis. Apmis. 2003;111(1):280–289
  10. Rorth M, Rajpert-De Meyts E, Andersson L, Dieckmann KP, Fossa SD, Grigor KM, et al. Carcinoma in situ in the testis. Scand J Urol Nephrol Suppl. 2000;205:166–186
  11. Skakkebaek NE, Rajpert-De Meyts E, Main KM. Testicular dysgenesis syndrome: an increasingly common developmental disorder with environmental aspects. Hum Reprod. 2001;16:972–978
  12. Godfrey KM, Barker DJ. Fetal programming and adult health. Public Health Nutr. 2001;4(2B):611–624
  13. Higgins JP, Thompson SG. Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis. Stat Med. 2002;21(11):1539–1558
  14. Egger M, Davey SG, Schneider M. Bias in meta-analysis detected by simple, graphical test. BMJ. 1997;315:629–634
  15. Greenland S, Longnecker M. Methods for trend estimation from summarized dose-response data, with applications to meta-analysis. Am J Epidemiol. 1992;135(11):1301–1309
  16. Pettersson A, Richiardi L. Gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, and risk of testicular cancer. Cancer Res. 2008;68(21):8832–8836
  17. Sonke GS, Chang S. Prenatal and perinatal risk factors and testicular cancer: a hospital-based case–control study. Oncol Res. 2007;16(8):383–387
  18. Coupland CA, Forman D, Chilvers CE, Davey G, Pike MC, Oliver RT. Maternal risk factors for testicular cancer: a population-based case–control study (UK). Cancer Cause Control. 2004;15(3):277–283
  19. Weir HK, Marrett LD. Pre-natal and peri-natal exposures and risk of testicular germ-cell cancer. Int J Cancer. 2000;87(3):438–443
  20. Moller H, Skakkebaek NE. Testicular cancer and cryptorchidism in relation to prenatal factors: case–control studies in Denmark. Cancer Cause Control. 1997;8(6):904–912
  21. Mori M, Davies TW. Maternal factors of testicular cancer: a case–control study in Japan. Jpn J Clin Oncol. 1990;20(1):72–77
  22. Depue RH, Pike MC. Estrogen exposure during gestation and risk of testicular cancer. J Natl Cancer I. 1983;71(6):1151–1155
  23. Mori M, Miyake H. A case–control study of testicular cancer. Hinyokika Kiyo—Acta Urol Jpn. 1988;34(5):832–838
  24. WHO Global database on Body Mass Index: BMI classification. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2010. [Accessed 26 May 2010, http://apps.who.int/bmi/index.jsp?introPage=intro_3.html].
  25. WHO Chronic disease information sheets: obesity and overweight. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2009. [Accessed 15 June 2009, http://www.who.into.dietphysicalactivity/publications/facts/obesity/en/index.html].
  26. Hindmarsh PC, Geary MP, Rodeck CH, Kingdom JC, Cole TJ. Factors predicting ante- and postnatal growth. Pediatr Res. 2008;63:99–102
  27. Ramlau-Hansen CH, Olesen AV, Parner ET, Sørensen HT, Olsen J. Perinatal markers of estrogen exposure and risk of testicular cancer: follow-up of 1,333,873 Danish males born between 1950 and 2002. Cancer Causes Control. 2009;20(9):1587–1592
  28. Michos A. Birth weight and the risk of testicular cancer: a meta-analysis. Int J Cancer. 2007;121:1123–1131
  29. Cook MB, Richiardi L, McGlynn KA. Birth weight and risk of testicular cancer [Letter to Editor]. Int J Cancer. 2007;122(4):957
  30. Akre O, Ekbom A. Similar at a glance, but not the same [comment to Michos et al. 2007 paper]. Int J Cancer. 2008;123(6):1480
  31. Arroyo P, Avila-Rosas H, Fernandez V, Casanueva E, Galvan D. Parity and the prevalence of overweight. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 1995;48(3):269–272
  32. Brown JE, Kaye SA, Folsom AR. Parity-related weight change in women. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1992;16(9):627–631
  33. Sabroe S, Olsen J. Perinatal correlates of specific histological types of testicular cancer in patients below 35 years of age: a case–cohort study based on midwives’ records in Denmark. Int J Cancer. 1998;78:140–143
  34. Wanderas EH, Grotmol T, Fossa SD. Maternal health and pre- and perinatal characteristics in the etiology of testicular cancer: a prospective population- and register-based study on Norwegian males born between 1967 and 1995. Cancer Causes Control. 1998;9:475–486
  35. Westergaard T, Andersen PK, Pedersen JB, Frisch M, Olsen JH, Melbye M. Testicular cancer risk and maternal parity: a population-based cohort study. Br J Cancer. 1998;77:1180–1185
  36. Prener A, Hsieh CC, Engholm G, Trichopoulos D, Jensen O. Birth order and risk of testicular cancer. Cancer Causes Control. 1992;3:265–272
  37. Dieckmann KP, Endsin G, Pichlmeier U. How valid is the prenatal estrogen excess hypothesis of testicular germ cell cancer? A case control study on hormone-related factors. Eur Urol. 2001;40(December (6)):677–683[discussion 684]
  38. Cook MB, Akre O, Forman D, Madigan MP, Richiardi L, McGlynn KA. A systematic review and meta-analysis of perinatal variables in relation to the risk of testicular cancer—experiences of the mother. Int J Epidemiol. 2009;38(December (6)):1532–1542
  39. Richiardi L, Akre O, Lambe M, Granath F, Montgomery SM, Ekbom A. Birth order, sibship size, and risk for germ-cell testicular cancer. Epidemiology. 2004;15(May (3)):323–329
  40. Bernstein L, Depue RH, Ross RK, Judd HL, Pike MC, Henderson BE. Higher maternal levels of free estradiol in first compared to second pregnancy: early gestational differences. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1986;76:1035–1039
  41. Panagiotopoulou K, Katsouyanni K, Petridou E, Garas Y, Tzonou A, Trichopoulos D. Matemal age, parity, and pregnancy estrogens. Cancer Causes Control. 1990;1:119–124
  42. Key T, Bull D, Ansell P, Brett A, Clark G, Moore J, et al. A case–control study of cryptorchidism and matemal hormone concentrations in early pregnancy. Br J Cancer. 1996;73:698–701
  43. Sharpe RM, Skakkebaek NE. Are oestrogens involved in falling sperm counts and disorders of the male reproductive tract?. Lancet. 1993;341:1392–1395
  44. Stunkard AJ, Albaum JM. The accuracy of self-reported weights. Am J Clin Nutr. 1981;34(August (8)):1593–1599
  45. Palta M, Prineas RJ, Berman R, Hannan P. Comparison of self-reported and measured height and weight. Am J Epidemiol. 1982;115(February (2)):223–230

PII: S1877-7821(10)00132-3

doi: 10.1016/j.canep.2010.07.006

Cancer Epidemiology
Volume 34, Issue 5 , Pages 509-515 , October 2010

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution