Cancer Epidemiology
Volume 34, Issue 3 , Pages 232-237 , June 2010

Age–period–cohort analysis of colorectal cancer in East Anglia, 1971–2005

  • Jeffrey D. Wessler

      Affiliations

    • Harvard Medical School, 260 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
    • Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, University Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 OSR, UK
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author at: Harvard Medical School, Holmes Society, MEC, 2nd Floor, 260 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Tel.: +1 978 8862056; fax: +1 617 432 2500.
    • ,
  • Nora Pashayan

      Affiliations

    • Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, University Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 OSR, UK
    • ,
  • David C. Greenberg

      Affiliations

    • Eastern Cancer Registration and Information Centre, Unit C – Magog Court, Shelford Bottom, Cambridge CB22 3AD, UK
    • ,
  • Stephen W. Duffy

      Affiliations

    • Cancer Research UK Centre for Epidemiology, Mathematics and Statistics, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK

,Accepted 23 March 2010.

References 

  1. Cancer Research UK. UK bowel cancer statistics, 2008.
  2. Cancer Research UK. Information Resource Centre, 2006.
  3. Hayne D, Brown RS, McCormack M, Quinn MJ, Payne HA, Babb P. Current trends in colorectal cancer: site, incidence, mortality and survival in England and Wales. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol). 2001;13(6):448–452
  4. Office for National Statistics. Cancer statistics registrations, 1994; England and Wales (Series MBI No. 27). London: The Stationery Office, 2000.
  5. Allum WH, Slaney G, McConkey CC, Powell J. Cancer of the colon and rectum in the West Midlands, 1957–1981. Br J Surg. 1994;81(7):1060–1063
  6. Wakefield SE, Wheeler DW, Mortensen NJ, Kettlewell MG. The incidence and Dukes’ staging of colorectal cancer over 3 decades. Eur J Surg Oncol. 1998;24(6):525–527
  7. Quinn M, Bapp P, Brock A, Kirby L, Jones J. Cancer trends in England & Wales 1950–1999, vol. SMPS no. 66: TSO, 2001.
  8. Regula J, Rupinski M, Kraszewska E, Polkowski M, Pachlewski J, Orlowska J, et al. Colonoscopy in colorectal-cancer screening for detection of advanced neoplasia. N Engl J Med. 2006;355(18):1863–1872
  9. Huang J, Seow A, Shi CY, Lee HP. Colorectal carcinoma among ethnic Chinese in Singapore: trends in incidence rate by anatomic subsite from 1968 to 1992. Cancer. 1999;85(12):2519–2525
  10. Jass JR. Subsite distribution and incidence of colorectal cancer in New Zealand, 1974–1983. Dis Colon Rectum. 1991;34(1):56–59
  11. Ji BT, Devesa SS, Chow WH, Jin F, Gao YT. Colorectal cancer incidence trends by subsite in urban Shanghai, 1972–1994. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1998;7(8):661–666
  12. Levi F, Randimbison L, La Vecchia C. Trends in the subsite distribution of colorectal carcinomas and polyps: an update. Cancer. 1998;83(9):2040–2042
  13. Mitry E, Benhamiche AM, Couillault C, Roy P, Faivre-Finn C, Clinard F, et al. Effect of age, period of diagnosis and birth cohort on large bowel cancer incidence in a well-defined French population, 1976–1995. Eur J Cancer Prev. 2002;11(6):529–534
  14. Ponz de Leon M, Marino M, Benatti P, Rossi G, Menigatti M, Pedroni M, et al. Trend of incidence, subsite distribution and staging of colorectal neoplasms in the 15-year experience of a specialised cancer registry. Ann Oncol. 2004;15(6):940–946
  15. Thorn M, Bergstrom R, Kressner U, Sparen P, Zack M, Ekbom A. Trends in colorectal cancer incidence in Sweden 1959–93 by gender, localization, time period, and birth cohort. Cancer Causes Control. 1998;9(2):145–152
  16. Svensson E, Grotmol T, Hoff G, Langmark F, Norstein J, Tretli S. Trends in colorectal cancer incidence in Norway by gender and anatomic site: an age–period–cohort analysis. Eur J Cancer Prev. 2002;11(5):489–495
  17. Bonithon-Kopp C, Benhamiche AM. Are there several colorectal cancers? Epidemiological data. Eur J Cancer Prev. 1999;8(Suppl. 1):S3–12
  18. de Kok IM, Wong CS, Chia KS, Sim X, Tan CS, Kiemeney LA, et al. Gender differences in the trend of colorectal cancer incidence in Singapore, 1968–2002. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2008;23(5):461–467
  19. Minami Y, Nishino Y, Tsubono Y, Tsuji I, Hisamichi S. Increase of colon and rectal cancer incidence rates in Japan: trends in incidence rates in Miyagi Prefecture, 1959–1997. J Epidemiol. 2006;16(6):240–248
  20. Moller H, Fairley L, Coupland V, Okello C, Green M, Forman D, et al. The future burden of cancer in England: incidence and numbers of new patients in 2020. Br J Cancer. 2007;96(9):1484–1488
  21. Svensson E, Moller B, Tretli S, Barlow L, Engholm G, Pukkala E, et al. Early life events and later risk of colorectal cancer: age–period–cohort modelling in the Nordic countries and Estonia. Cancer Causes Control. 2005;16(3):215–223
  22. Eastern Cancer Registration and Information Centre . Analysis of the process and outcome of all death card notifications received by the Eastern Cancer Registry in 2004–2005. 2007;
  23. Clayton D, Schifflers E. Models for temporal variation in cancer rates. I: Age–period and age–cohort models. Stat Med. 1987;6(4):449–467
  24. Clayton D, Schifflers E. Models for temporal variation in cancer rates. II: Age–period–cohort models. Stat Med. 1987;6(4):469–481
  25. StataCorp . Statistical Software: Release 9.1. College Station, TX: Stata Corporation; 2001;
  26. Chu KC, Tarone RE, Chow WH, Alexander GA. Colorectal cancer trends by race and anatomic subsites, 1975 to 1991. Arch Fam Med. 1995;4(10):849–856
  27. Devesa SS, Chow WH. Variation in colorectal cancer incidence in the United States by subsite of origin. Cancer. 1993;71(12):3819–3826
  28. Gao RN, Neutel CI, Wai E. Gender differences in colorectal cancer incidence, mortality, hospitalizations and surgical procedures in Canada. J Public Health (Oxf). 2008;30(2):194–201
  29. Fernandez E, La Vecchia C, Gonzalez JR, Lucchini F, Negri E, Levi F. Converging patterns of colorectal cancer mortality in Europe. Eur J Cancer. 2005;41(3):430–437
  30. Greenlee RT, Hill-Harmon MB, Murray T, Thun M. Cancer statistics, 2001. CA Cancer J Clin. 2001;51(1):15–36
  31. Jemal A, Clegg LX, Ward E, Ries LA, Wu X, Jamison PM, et al. Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1975–2001, with a special feature regarding survival. Cancer. 2004;101(1):3–27
  32. Levi F, Lucchini F, Negri E, Boyle P, La Vecchia C. Cancer mortality in Europe, 1995–1999, and an overview of trends since 1960. Int J Cancer. 2004;110(2):155–169
  33. Takada H, Ohsawa T, Iwamoto S, Yoshida R, Nakano M, Imada S, et al. Changing site distribution of colorectal cancer in Japan. Dis Colon Rectum. 2002;45(9):1249–1254
  34. Recent trends in mortality rates for four major cancers, by sex and race/ethnicity—United States, 1990–1998. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2002;51(3):49–53
  35. Office for National Statistics. Available from: http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_population/SNPP-2006/InteractivePDF_2006-basedSNPP.pdf.
  36. Brenner H, Hoffmeister M, Arndt V, Haug U. Gender differences in colorectal cancer: implications for age at initiation of screening. Br J Cancer. 2007;96(5):828–831
  37. Imperiale TF, Wagner DR, Lin CY, Larkin GN, Rogge JD, Ransohoff DF. Risk of advanced proximal neoplasms in asymptomatic adults according to the distal colorectal findings. N Engl J Med. 2000;343(3):169–174
  38. Fernandez E, Bosetti C, La Vecchia C, Levi F, Fioretti F, Negri E. Sex differences in colorectal cancer mortality in Europe, 1955–1996. Eur J Cancer Prev. 2000;9(2):99–104
  39. Coleman MP, Esteve J, Damiecki P, Arslan A, Renard H. Trends in cancer incidence and mortality. IARC Sci Publ. 1993;(121):1–806
  40. Rex DK, Lehman GA, Ulbright TM, Smith JJ, Pound DC, Hawes RH, et al. Colonic neoplasia in asymptomatic persons with negative fecal occult blood tests: influence of age, gender, and family history. Am J Gastroenterol. 1993;88(6):825–831
  41. Eddy DM. Screening for colorectal cancer. Ann Intern Med. 1990;113(5):373–384
  42. Edwards BK, Howe HL, Ries LA, Thun MJ, Rosenberg HM, Yancik R, et al. Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1973–1999, featuring implications of age and aging on U.S. cancer burden. Cancer. 2002;94(10):2766–2792
  43. Cucino C, Buchner AM, Sonnenberg A. Continued rightward shift of colorectal cancer. Dis Colon Rectum. 2002;45(8):1035–1040
  44. Gomez D, Dalal Z, Raw E, Roberts C, Lyndon PJ. Anatomical distribution of colorectal cancer over a 10 year period in a district general hospital: is there a true “rightward shift”?. Postgrad Med J. 2004;80(949):667–669
  45. Mensink PB, Kolkman JJ, Van Baarlen J, Kleibeuker JH. Change in anatomic distribution and incidence of colorectal carcinoma over a period of 15 years: clinical considerations. Dis Colon Rectum. 2002;45(10):1393–1396
  46. Rabeneck L, Davila JA, El-Serag HB. Is there a true “shift” to the right colon in the incidence of colorectal cancer?. Am J Gastroenterol. 2003;98(6):1400–1409
  47. Rhodes JB, Holmes FF, Clark GM. Changing distribution of primary cancers in the large bowel. JAMA. 1977;238(15):1641–1643
  48. Sarli L, Michiara M, Sgargi P, Iusco D, De Lisi V, Leonardi F, et al. The changing distribution and survival of colorectal carcinoma: an epidemiological study in an area of northern Italy. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2005;17(5):567–572
  49. Zbar AP, Inniss M, Prussia PR, Shenoy R. The changing distribution of colorectal cancer in Barbados: 1985–2004. Dis Colon Rectum. 2007;50(8):1215–1222
  50. Colorectal Cancer Screening Pilot Group UK. Results of the first round of a demonstration pilot of screening for colorectal cancer in the United Kingdom. Br Med J. 2004;329:133–138
  51. Bergstrom A, Pisani P, Tenet V, Wolk A, Adami HO. Overweight as an avoidable cause of cancer in Europe. Int J Cancer. 2001;91(3):421–430

PII: S1877-7821(10)00052-4

doi: 10.1016/j.canep.2010.03.012

Cancer Epidemiology
Volume 34, Issue 3 , Pages 232-237 , June 2010

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution