Cancer Epidemiology
Volume 34, Issue 2 , Pages 142-149 , April 2010

Smoking (active and passive), N-acetyltransferase 2, and risk of breast cancer

  • Michael S.C. Conlon

      Affiliations

    • Epidemiology, Outcomes & Evaluation Research, Regional Cancer Program of the Sudbury Regional Hospital, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada P3E 5J1
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +1 705 522 6237x2601; fax: +1 705 523 7326.
  • ,
  • Kenneth C. Johnson

      Affiliations

    • Evidence and Risk Assessment Division, Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0K9
  • ,
  • Mary A. Bewick

      Affiliations

    • Epidemiology, Outcomes & Evaluation Research, Regional Cancer Program of the Sudbury Regional Hospital, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada P3E 5J1
  • ,
  • Robert M. Lafrenie

      Affiliations

    • Regional Cancer Program of the Sudbury Regional Hospital, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada P3E 5J1
  • ,
  • Allan Donner

      Affiliations

    • Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5C1

,Accepted 2 February 2010.

References 

  1. Canadian Cancer Society/National Cancer Institiute of Canada: Canadian Cancer Statistics 2008, Toronto, Canada, 2008.
  2. Rockhill B, Weinberg CR, Newman B. Population attributable fraction estimation for established breast cancer risk factors: considering the issues of high prevalence and unmodifiability. Am J Epidemiol. 1998;147:826–833
  3. Seidman H, Stellman SD, Mushinski MH. A different perspective on breast cancer risk factors: some implications of the nonattributable risk. CA Cancer J Clin. 1982;32:301–313
  4. Madigan MP, Ziegler RG, Benichou J, Byrne C, Hoover RN. Proportion of breast cancer cases in the United States explained by well-established risk factors. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1995;87:1681–1685
  5. Palmer JR, Rosenberg L. Cigarette smoking and the risk of breast cancer. Epidemiol Rev. 1993;15:145–156
  6. Hamajima N, Hirose K, Tajima K, Rohan T, Calle EE, Heath CW, et al. Alcohol, tobacco and breast cancer—collaborative reanalysis of individual data from 53 epidemiological studies, including 58,515 women with breast cancer and 95,067 women without the disease. Br J Cancer. 2002;87:1234–1245
  7. International Agency for Research on Cancer . IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans: tobacco smoke and involuntary smoking. vol. 83. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2004;
  8. Johnson KC. Accumulating evidence on passive and active smoking and breast cancer risk. Int J Cancer. 2005;117:619–628
  9. Collishaw NE, Boyd NF, Cantor KP, Hammond SK, Johnson KC, Millar J, et al. Canadian expert panel on tobacco smoke and breast cancer risk. Toronto, Canada: Ontario Tobacco Research Unit; April 2009;OTRU special report series [accessed 20.12.09] http://www.otru.org/pdf/special/expert_panel_tobacco_breast_cancer.pdf
  10. Terry PD, Goodman M. Is the association between cigarette smoking and breast cancer modified by genotype? A review of epidemiologic studies and meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2006;15:602–611
  11. Ambrosone CB, Kropp S, Yang J, Yao S, Shields PG, Chang-Claude J. Cigarette smoking, N-acetyltransferase 2 genotypes, and breast cancer risk: pooled analysis and meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2008;
  12. Johnson KC, Hu J, Mao Y. Passive and active smoking and breast cancer risk in Canada, 1994–97. Cancer Causes Control. 2000;11:211–221
  13. Morabia A, Bernstein M, Heritier S, Khatchatrian N. Relation of breast cancer with passive and active exposure to tobacco smoke. Am J Epidemiol. 1996;143:918–928
  14. Band P, Le N, Fang R, Deschamps M. Carcinogenic and endocrine disrupting effects of cigarette smoke and risk of breast cancer. Lancet. 2002;360:1044
  15. Hein DW. N-acetyltransferase 2 genetic polymorphism: effects of carcinogen and haplotype on urinary bladder cancer risk. Oncogene. 2006;25:1649–1658
  16. Krajinovic M, Richer C, Sinnett H, Labuda D, Sinnett D. Genetic polymorphisms of N-acetyltransferases 1 and 2 and gene–gene interaction in the susceptibility to childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2000;9:557–562
  17. dos Santos Silva I. Cancer epidemiology: principles and methods. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 1999;
  18. Selvin S. A note on the power to detect interaction effects. In:  Kelsey J,  Marmot M,  Stolley P,  Vessey M editor. Statistical analysis of epidemiologic data. 2nd ed.. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2007;p. 213–214
  19. Hein DW, Ferguson RJ, Doll MA, Rustan TD, Gray K. Molecular genetics of human polymorphic N-acetyltransferase: enzymatic analysis of 15 recombinant wild-type, mutant, and chimeric NAT2 allozymes. Hum Mol Genet. 1994;3:729–734
  20. van der Hel OL, Peeters PH, Hein DW, Doll MA, Grobbee DE, Kromhout D, et al. NAT2 slow acetylation and GSTM1 null genotypes may increase postmenopausal breast cancer risk in long-term smoking women. Pharmacogenetics. 2003;13:399–407
  21. Smith SJ, Deacon JM, Chilvers CE. Alcohol, smoking, passive smoking and caffeine in relation to breast cancer risk in young women. UK National Case–Control Study Group. Br J Cancer. 1994;70:112–119
  22. Zhao Y, Shi Z, Liu L. Matched case–control study for detecting risk factors of breast cancer in women living in Chengdu. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. 1999;20:91–94
  23. Kropp S, Chang-Claude J. Active and passive smoking and risk of breast cancer by age 50 years among german women. Am J Epidemiol. 2002;156:616–626
  24. Morabia A, Bernstein MS, Bouchardy I, Kurtz J, Morris MA. Breast cancer and active and passive smoking: the role of the N-acetyltransferase 2 genotype. Am J Epidemiol. 2000;152:226–232
  25. Chang-Claude J, Kropp S, Jager B, Bartsch H, Risch A. Differential effect of NAT2 on the association between active and passive smoke exposure and breast cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2002;11:698–704
  26. Sillanpaa P, Hirvonen A, Kataja V, Eskelinen M, Kosma VM, Uusitupa M, et al. NAT2 slow acetylator genotype as an important modifier of breast cancer risk. Int J Cancer. 2004;
  27. IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans, vol. 83, 2003. Tobacco smoking and tobacco smoke. 2002;
  28. Luceri F, Pieraccini G, Moneti G, Dolara P. Primary aromatic amines from side-stream cigarette smoke are common contaminants of indoor air. Toxicol Ind Health. 1993;9:405–413
  29. Palmiotto G, Pieraccini G, Moneti G, Dolara P. Determination of the levels of aromatic amines in indoor and outdoor air in Italy. Chemosphere. 2001;43:355–361
  30. Airoldi L, Vineis P, Colombi A, Olgiati L, Dell’Osta C, Fanelli R, et al. 4-Aminobiphenyl-hemoglobin adducts and risk of smoking-related disease in never smokers and former smokers in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition prospective study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2005;14:2118–2124
  31. Vineis P, Bartsch H, Caporaso N, Harrington AM, Kadlubar FF, Landi MT, et al. Genetically based N-acetyltransferase metabolic polymorphism and low-level environmental exposure to carcinogens. Nature. 1994;369:154–156
  32. Egan KM, Stampfer MJ, Hunter D, Hankinson S, Rosner BA, Holmes M, et al. Active and passive smoking in breast cancer: prospective results from the Nurses’ Health Study. Epidemiology. 2002;13:138–145
  33. Reynolds P, Hurley S, Goldberg DE, Anton-Culver H, Bernstein L, Deapen D, et al. Active smoking, household passive smoking, and breast cancer: evidence from the California Teachers Study. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2004;96:29–37
  34. Li CI, Malone KE, Daling JR. The relationship between various measures of cigarette smoking and risk of breast cancer among older women 65–79 years of age (United States). Cancer Causes Control. 2005;16:975–985
  35. Gram IT, Braaten T, Terry PD, Sasco AJ, Adami HO, Lund E, et al. Breast cancer risk among women who start smoking as teenagers. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2005;14:61–66
  36. Millikan RC, Pittman GS, Newman B, Tse CK, Selmin O, Rockhill B, et al. Cigarette smoking, N-acetyltransferases 1 and 2, and breast cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1998;7:371–378
  37. Calle EE, Miracle-McMahill HL, Thun MJ, Heath CW. Cigarette smoking and risk of fatal breast cancer. Am J Epidemiol. 1994;139:1001–1007
  38. Terry PD, Miller AB, Rohan TE. Cigarette smoking and breast cancer risk: a long latency period?. Int J Cancer. 2002;100:723–728
  39. Cui Y, Miller AB, Rohan TE. Cigarette smoking and breast cancer risk: update of a prospective cohort study. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2006;100:293–299
  40. Krajinovic M, Ghadirian P, Richer C, Sinnett H, Gandini S, Perret C, et al. Genetic susceptibility to breast cancer in French-Canadians: role of carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes and gene–environment interactions. Int J Cancer. 2001;92:220–225
  41. Van Der Hel OL, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, van Gils CH, Roest M, Slothouber B, Grobbee DE, et al. Cumulative genetic defects in carcinogen metabolism may increase breast cancer risk (The Netherlands). Cancer Causes Control. 2005;16:675–681
  42. Kocabas NA, Sardas S, Cholerton S, Daly AK, Karakaya AE. N-acetyltransferase (NAT2) polymorphism and breast cancer susceptibility: a lack of association in a case–control study of Turkish population. Int J Toxicol. 2004;23:25–31
  43. Delfino RJ, Smith C, West JG, Lin HJ, White E, Liao SY, et al. Breast cancer, passive and active cigarette smoking and N-acetyltransferase 2 genotype. Pharmacogenetics. 2000;10:461–469
  44. Hunter DJ, Hankinson SE, Hough H, Gertig DM, Garcia-Closas M, Spiegelman D, et al. A prospective study of NAT2 acetylation genotype, cigarette smoking, and risk of breast cancer. Carcinogenesis. 1997;18:2127–2132
  45. Egan KM, Newcomb PA, Titus-Ernstoff L, Trentham-Dietz A, Mignone LI, Farin F, et al. Association of NAT2 and smoking in relation to breast cancer incidence in a population-based case–control study (United States). Cancer Causes Control. 2003;14:43–51
  46. Ambrosone CB, Freudenheim JL, Marshall JR, Graham S, Vena JE, Brasure JR, et al. The association of polymorphic N-acetyltransferase (NAT2) with breast cancer risk. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1995;768:250–252
  47. Ambrosone CB, Freudenheim JL, Graham S, Marshall JR, Vena JE, Brasure JR, et al. Cigarette smoking, N-acetyltransferase 2 genetic polymorphisms, and breast cancer risk. JAMA. 1996;276:1494–1501
  48. Alberg AJ, Daudt A, Huang HY, Hoffman SC, Comstock GW, Helzlsouer KJ, et al. N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) genotypes, cigarette smoking, and the risk of breast cancer. Cancer Detect Prev. 2004;28:187–193
  49. Lissowska J, Brinton LA, Zatonski W, Blair A, Bardin-Mikolajczak A, Peplonska B, et al. Tobacco smoking, NAT2 acetylation genotype and breast cancer risk. Int J Cancer. 2006;119:1961–1969
  50. Vineis P, McMichael A. Interplay between heterocyclic amines in cooked meat and metabolic phenotype in the etiology of colon cancer. Cancer Causes Control. 1996;7:479–486
  51. Peluso M, Castegnaro M, Malaveille C, Friesen M, Garren L, Hautefeuille A, et al. 32P Postlabelling analysis of urinary mutagens from smokers of black tobacco implicates 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) as a major DNA-damaging agent. Carcinogenesis. 1991;12:713–717
  52. Morabia A, Lash T, Aschengrau A. Passive cigarette smoking and breast cancer. In:  Watson RR,  Witten M editor. Environmental tobacco smoke. Boca Raton: CRC Press LLC; 2001;p. 177–189
  53. Kelsey JL, Berkowitz GS. Breast cancer epidemiology. Cancer Res. 1988;48:5615–5623
  54. Savitz DA. Interpreting epidemiologic evidence strategies for study design and analysis. Oxford University Press; 2003;

PII: S1877-7821(10)00019-6

doi: 10.1016/j.canep.2010.02.001

Cancer Epidemiology
Volume 34, Issue 2 , Pages 142-149 , April 2010